Method of liquefying gas



Sept. 2. 1924. 1,507,289

W. M. JEWELL METHOD 0F LIQUEFYING GAS m19 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Mav 19 sept. 2 wm, 1,507,289

W. M. JEWELL METHOD OF LIQUEFYING GAS Filed May l2 1919 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 sept. 2J, 1924. 1,507,289

. W, M. JEWELL METHOD OF LXQUEFYING GAS l Filed May l2 1919 3 Sheets-,Sheet 3 vio lPatented lle-pta 2, i224.,

winnaars. in. JnwnLn or cnroaoo, rLLrnors, assrenon 'ro onnonrnn rnOnUc'rs ooinranr, or. cnroneo, immers, A CORPORATION or anuncis.

METHOD-F LQUEFYING- GAS.

Application led May 12, 1919. Serial No. 296,460.

rTo aZZ whom it may concern.'

Be it known that l, WILLIAM M. Jnwenn, a citizen ofthe United States, residin at Chicago, in the county of Cook and tate of lllinois, have invented a new and useful lmprovement in Methods of Liquefying Gas, of which the following is a specifica-1 tion.

rlhe manufacture of chlorine gas', acJ cording to the methods hitherto practiced, involves what is known as mechanical refrigeration for reducing the temperature of the condensers for the compressed gas to a relatively low temperature, commonly' in the neighborhood of 350 F. below zero, in order to avoid the compressing of the gas to very high pressure. Such methods also involve the subjection of the chlorine gas to chemicals to separate the gas from air, hydrogen and other gaseous ingredients it may contain, as by the use of a solvent such as carbon-tetrachloride, and the subsequent distillation` of the chlorine gas hy steam, re-cooling, 4or chilling or" the chlorine distilllate, the recovery ot the solvent tor further use, 'or the use ofslow-operating earthenware pumps or high :entrainment towers for compressing` the chlorine gas and auxiliary apparatus for absorbing the uncondensahle portion ot the chlorine with quick lime, or other suitable chemical, all o which results in complicated and expensive plants which are troublesome to maind tain in proper worlring condition.

Furthermore, it has been the practice, owing to the fact'that the liquid chlorine upon being discharged from the condenser is at a relatively low temperature, as, for example, 35 F. below Zero, to employ a relatively largereceiving tank into which the chlorine flows, and in which tank the liquefied chlorine is permitted to remain until the temperature thereof approximates the tempera-ture Ot the atmosphere surf i 'rounding the tank, from which latter the shipping cylinders or containers, are illed, this condition also causing the apparatus to be expensive of construction and expensive'to operate, and rendering the operation of the apparatus intermittent.

My primary object is to so improve previous methods of com ressing gases fin general, and more particularly chlorine gas, that the gases may be liquefied at greatly reduced expense; and generally to render easier and less cost-ly the production of substantially pure gas especially in the case of chlorine gas.,

Referring to. the accompanying drawi inofez:Figure 1 shows by a view, in the nature ot a diagram, an apparatus suitable for practicing my improved method; Figure 2 is a perspective view of a gas compressor` employed, with a portion of ,the crank case of the compressor broken away to disclose interior details; Figure 3 is a View like Fig.

1 of a variation in the portion of the aprepresented at 3, leads from the apparatus wherein the chlorine gas is produced, as,

for example, from an electrolytic cell or cells (not shown) and which operate to produce electrolytic chlorine gas which cornmonly contains some non-condensable gas, this pipe connecting with the upper end ot a coil l of a cooling apparatus L5, this coil being contained in a chamber, 6 through whicha cooling medium, as, for example, water, is circulated, the water entering the bottom of the tank through the pipe 7 and discharging therefrom at its top through the pipe 8, The lower end of the coil t connects with a trap El in the form of a U-pipe communicating at its lowest portion with a pipe 10 through vwhich condensable matter removed from. the chlorine gas in the coil 4, is withdrawn through the outlet pipe 11.. rllhe trap connects wtih a pipe 12 which opens into the bottom of a preliminary drying tower 13 which may be ot anyy suitable construction, the same bcingshown as ot the loose-packing type, as represented at 14, whereby the gas flowing into the drying tower is caused to pass in a zigzag course 100 t0 the upper portion thereof'from which it passes through a pipe 15 which connects with the lower end .ot another drying tower 16 which may be ot the same general construction as described' for the tower 13, the 105 gas passing upwardly through the tower 16 and passing therefrom through a pipe 17 which connects with a coil 18. rlhe coil 18 as shown isV jacketed by the coil 19 having an inlet pipe 20 .and an outlet pipe 21, this 110 sented at 23, a pipe 24 communicating with the outlet opening in the cylinder of the compressor for the compressed gas. The compressor 23 may be ofany suitable type, that shown being a common and well-known construction of compressor of the reciprocating type, the crank case thereof being represented at 25 and in which' thelower end of the connectingrod26 of the compressorpiston operates, as shown in Fig. 2, the compressor shown being operated from the shaft 27, as by an' electric motor 100 'belted to a.

pulley 101 on the shaft 27. In the use of the compressor, -its piston (not shown) is lubricated by means of comparatively dry sulphuric acid, the acid by preference being at east of 1.84 specific gravityn at 66 BaumeJv 95% pure, and to accomplish this, the acid' may be supplied to the interior of the crankcase 25 from which it becomes supplied to the piston for lubricating the latter in its movements in the cylinder, by the action of the connecting rod 26 and its connection with the crank shaft 27 operating as a splash feed. In the particular apparat-us shown, the sulphuric acid is supplied to' the crankcase 25 .through a pipe 28, valved as indicated at 29, and connected with the lower end of a tank 30 shown as supported at 31 and communicating by a pipe 32, valved at 33, with a supply .of sulphuric acid. The upper end of the tank 30 connects by a pipe 34 with the pipe 20, the pipe 34 adjacent the tank 30 having-a branch 35 provided with a vent-valve 36 which is opened to permit the gas pressure in the chamber 30 to vent therefrom during the filling of this chamber with the acid. The crank-case 25 contains an outlet about midway between its top and bottom for the sulphuric acid which connects with a pipe 37 opening into a trap 381havinga valved drain-pipe 39, the opposite; end of this trap commimlcating withI a pipe 40 which opens into the drying tower 13'and terminates above the packing 14 therein, in

.a spray-head 41 for spraying sulphuric acid against the rising currents of chlorine gas passing upwardly through the tower. The compressor-outlet pipe 24 contains a valve 42 and opens into the upper end of a tankv 43 of a cooling apparatusr 45 the coil of which, :for the cooling medium, and Whichis located in the tank 43, being represented at 44. A pipe 46 for cooling water supplied thereto, as hereinafter described, connects with the kupper end of the coil 44 for'causing cooling water to How through the latter from momes which it discharges through a pipe 47 into the jacketed portion of the cylinder 48 of the compressor, the' outlet of this jacketed portion being represented at 49 and opening into a sewer'.

A pipe 51 leading from a supply (not shown) of cooling water connects with the upper end of a coil 52 which lies in the bottom of the crank-case 25, the outlet of this coil communicating with a pipe 53 which connects with a condenser hereinafter referred to.

The lower end of the tank 43 opens into the pipe 2O through which liquid chlorine with some of the'sulphuric acid, passes for thc purpose above stated.

The outlet of` the tank 43 for this compressed chlorine gas. connects with a pipe 54 valved, as indicated at 55, and formed into a coil as represented, this coil being surrounded by a coil 56 connected at its lower end with' a valved water-inlet pipe 57` which connectsA with the pipe 53, the upper end of the coil 56 being connected with the pipe 46, the coils 54 and 56 forming a condenser in which the cooling water travels in a direction contrary to thelowot` the gas.` A pipe-54a preferably connects with the) pipe 54 and has branch pipes 54b and 54, the pipe 54b being equipped with a gauge 54'i and the pipe 54 whichI forms a vent-pipe, being equipped with a' Valve 54e. A pipe .58 valved at 59 leads from the coil 54 to a T-coupling 60 one outlet of which connects with a pipe 61 connected by a ilexible pipe -61a with a pipe 61b which termi-- nates ina hollow head 62 with a valve 63, thishead, being connected withl the inlet of a shipping container represented at 65,y

closed in heat-insulating material represented at 66 and shown as supported on a weighing scale 70. The other outlet of the T- coupling 60 connects with a pipe 67 having an enlargement 68 with a valve 69 below the enlar `rnent, this pipe opening-into the upper en of the drying tower 16 and terminating therein in a spray-head (not shown) for spraying sulphur'ic acid, separated in the chamber 68 from the liquid chlorine, into the chlorine gas as it passes up'- wardly through this tower.

In the operation of the apparatus as shown, the chlorine as is drawn from the electrolytic cells hereinbefore referred to, by a slight vacuum preferably of about 1/8 to 1/4 of water, producedby the action of the compressor and regulated by the valve 22, the gas with its contained water-vapor,

llO

which is present to a considerablel degree and which -should be removed, passing water lowing into the latter through the pipe 7 and iiowing out by the pipe 8, wherein the larger part of the water vapor in thel gas is condensed and separated from the gas in the trap 9, the water thus separated flowing off through the outlet-pipe 11. The gas thus partially freed of its contained moisture then flows into the drying tower 13 wherein further drying is effected by the rising currents of the gas lcontacting the packing 14which is wetted by the discharge of acid against it, the acid being supplied through the spray-head 41 from the pipe 40, trap 38, pipe 37 and crank-case 25, the acid thus used being the acid which has passed through the compressor crank-case 25 and has overiowed therefrom under the action of the continuous-feed of acid into the crank-case from the tank 30, the acid :flowing from the tower 13 through a lpipe 13 at its bottom and discharging into a receptacle 13b below its outlet 13c from which the spent acid 'flows to storage or waste. The gas then passes from the upper end of the drying tower 13 into the lower end of the drying tower 16 through which latter it upwardly passes in contact with the packing 14 wetted with a shower of sulphuric acid from the spray-head (not shown) but hereinbefore referred to and supplied with sulphuric acid from any suitable source, supplemented by sulphuric .acid

. which passes into the pipe 67 'from the separator-chamber 68, the moisture in the gas being reduced thereby to about 0.3 to 0.5 milligrams per liter, the final drying of the gas taking place in thevtower 16. The gas then passes through the coil 18 where it is subjected to the cooling action of expanding chlorine gas which is supplied to the coil 19, to low ina direction therethrough opposite to the flow of the gasthrough the coil 18, from the chamber 43 through the pipe 20. The gas in cooled condition then passes through the valved pipe 18 into the inlet ot' the compressor where vit is compressed to about 100 pounds per square inch and in the compressing operation-is commingled with sulphuric acid in finely divided condition and preferably partially vaporized, the acid bemg fed to the piston for lubricating it by the splashfeed action ot the connecting-rod 26 operating in the crank-case 25 which contains sulphuric acid supplied thereto as stated. The compressed gas, together with some of the acid. c'ommingled Atherewith as stated, discharges :from the compressor through the valved pipe 24, and thence into the upper end of the tank 43 o the cooling apparatus 45 which operates as a trap, where it is subjected t the cooling action of the water which enters the coil 44 therein from the pipe l46 and discharges through the pipe 47 into the jacket of the compressor to pre- 'Aveni'overheating of its cylinder 48. Condensing of a portion of the chlorine and sulphuric acid is efected in the tank 43, the acid being heavier than the liquid chlorine gravitating to the bottom of this tank and iowing with chlorine through the pipe 20 and coil 19 back to the crank case 25. The chlorine either as a gas or liquid passes from the tank 43 through the pipe 54, which preferably is located a considerable distance from ,the bottom of thetank 43, into the condenser 54 which completes the condensing 'of the chlorine gas which passes over from the cooling'tank 43 the chlorine 1n passing through the condenser 54 being subjected to the` cooling action of the oppositely flowing currents of cold water in the coil 56. Thecondensed chlorine and any condensed sulphuric acid content, discharge into the pipe 58, the acid settling in the chamber 68 and the liquid chlorine entering thepipe 61 from which the chlorine, which is substantially 100% pure, may be filled into the shipping containers such, 'for example. as the one shown at 65.

The eiiect of operating on the chlorine as described is to produce in the condensing apparatus' beyond the compressor, liqueiied `chlorine at a temperature of the coil 54 of approximately 70 F. and under relatively low pressure as stated, thus permitting the liquefied chlorine to be directly charged into the shipping containers. In the filling of the containers the air is, by preference, eX- hausted therefrom before the filling operation begins, this exhausting operation being ei'ected in any desired manner.` The containeris preferably first cooled to a point below the temperature of the condensed chlorine and then enclosed in the insulating covering 66 and thereupon the air exhausted from the container. The container is then connected with the pipel 61 and the liquid chlorine then.. permitted to vflow into the container, this l'illing operation being quickly effected. The insulating of the container 65 serves to keep down the gas pressure in the p coil 56 and this is further facilitated by permitting a portion of the liquid chlorine in the container 65 to evaporate by closing the valve 59 and opening valve 69. The gas thus liberated, together with the accumulations of acid in chamber 68,:iows back through to the relatively lowdegree of substantially 100 pounds tothe square inch, be condensed at relatively high temperature as for example 70 F., the temperature of ordinary water, with the manifest advantages, especially over prior practices involving the refrigeration of the compressed ,gas to temperatures at, or approximately at, 35 F. below zero. While I prefer to employ sulphuric acid for the purpose stated, if desired, other substances which are in liquid condition at higher temperatures than that at which pure chlorine under the-same lpressure condenses, may be used and the commingling of such substance and the gas, accomplished in any desired Way, as also the commingling of the vsulphuric acid andthe gas may be effected in other ways than that described.

The feature ofmaintaining a pressure of chlorine gas in the crank-cassis of advantage as thereby the suction action produced by the operating parts of the compressor is not exerted on the surrounding atmosphere, but is neutralized by the pressure in the crank-case and thus no airy which would dilute the compressed gas, is permitted to enterthev crank-case. Also the feature of expanding chlorine intoy low-pressure gas in the coil 18 is of advantage as it aids in keeping cool the bearings of the compressor and reduces the iinal liquefying coil -54.

The water fromwaste 47 may, if desired, be used in the preliminary cooler 5 where temperatu-reconditions permit; and the trap 38 is made suiiiciently deep to more than counterbalance the gas pressure in the crankcase, so that no chlorine gas can get back intol the tower 13.

When'the container 65 has been filled thevalves V59 and 62' are closed and valve 69 opened for a moment to relieve the gas in these connections.- Q

The pipe 34, which is preferably equipped with a gauge 34*a and a valve 34", operates to equalize the pressure inthe top of the chamber 30to eect free gravity iow of the acid therefrom.

' The pipe 20 is preferablylequipped with a valve 20 by means of whichthe pressure of chlorine gas in the crank-case `may be re ulated.

n the arrangement shown in Figs. 3 and' 4, the portions of the apparatus interposed between the cooling apparatus 44- and the pipe 61b in Fig. 1, are omitted and al chlorine-gas liquefying apparatus substituted lfor v.the apparatus 44 from which the liquefied vchlorine maybe charged directly into the shipping'containers, such as the containers 65. The liquefying apparatus referred to comprisesa tank 100 havinga valved ventpipe 100 and valvedgdrain-pipe 100", the latter for the acid,uint'o` which tank the pipe 101, correspondinww the pipe and into the tank 100".

pressure requiredi'n the' through which the .compressed chlorine gas containing some of the ysulphuric acid, is

into the lower portion of the tank 100?. and

of' sulphuric acid therein,and

into a ybod i represented7 at 103. A coil 104 for a conden'sing medium is located in the tank 100", this coil being submerged in the body 103 of acid. One end of this coil is connected with av pipe 105 which corresponds to the pipe 46 (Fig. 1), and through which cooling vwater is supplied to the coil, as by connecting the pipe 105 with the pipe 53 of Fig. 1, theother e'nd of the coil y104 being connected with a pipe-106 corresponding withl the ig.- 1,. for conducting the coolmg water away from the coil 104. The pipe represented at 106n corresponds with the pipe 20 of Fig. 1, and a pipe represented at 10T is proyided for chargin `the sulphuric acid I this particular apparatus, the compressed chlorine gas discharges into the body 103 of acid entering it,

pipe 47 of l fio preferably in fine vstreams through the openmgs 102l in the branch pipes 102. In its passage upwardly through the relatively cold acid, the chlorine fioats on the top of the ody 103 of acid, the condensed chlorine gas passing `from the tankv through a ipe 108 having a iexible section 109 opening into a valved coupling 110. communlcating with the inlet.. of'.y the shipping container 65 and carried thereby.

VIt will be. understood that while-certain particular steps and certain particular apparatus, are described and shown, I do not intend to. limit the invention thereto as the same maybe variously modified and altered without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Furthermore, -while I have devised my invention for use more particularlyv in the.

manufacture of liquefiedv chlorine gas, the same may be used in the liquefaction" of many other gases, such, for example, as car.-

bon dioxid, oxygen and sulphur loxid, and

I therefore do not wish to be understood as intending to limit the lnvention to use in con.

vwhich consists in compressing the gas and commingling, the gas and a substance which is lin liquid condition at the temperature at -r which chlorine gas under the saine pressure begins to condense, and condensing the gas while intermixed with said substance.

2. The method of liquefying chlorine which consists in compressin the gas and commingling the gas and sulp uric acid and condensing the gas while intermixed with the sulphuric acid.

3. The method of liquefying chlorine gas which consists in compressing the gas in the presence of, and to commingle therewith, a substance which is in liquid condition at the temperature at. which chlorine gas underthe same pressure condenses, and condensing the gas while intermixed with said Substance.

'4. The method of liquefying chlorine gas which consists in compressing the gas in the presence of Sulphuric acid in finely divided condition to be carried along by the current of gas, and condensing the gas while intermixed withI the sulphuric acid.

5, The method of liquefying chlorine gas which consists in compressing the gas in a compressor, the compressin chamber of which contains sulphuric acid which commingles in finely divided condition with the gas to be carried along by the current of gas, and condensing' the gas while inter mixed with the sulphuric acid.

6. The method of liquefying chlorine gas which consists in compressing the ,gas a-nd commingling the gas and a substance which is in liquid condition at the temperature at which chlorine gas under the same pressure begins to condense, cooling the mixture of the gas and the said substance tocondense the gas, and separating .the liquefied gas from the said other substance in liquid condition.

7. The method of liquefying chlorine gas which consists in compressing the gas and commingling the gas and a dehydrating liquid which is in liquid condition at the temperature at which chlorine gas under the same pressure condenses, condensing the gas while intermixed with said substance, separating said substance from the gas, and drying chlorine gas therewith.

8. The method of liquefying chlorine gas, which consists in compressing the gas andv commingling the gas and sulphuric acid, condensing the gas while interinixed with the acid, separating the sulphuric acid from the gas., and drying chlorine gas with the acid so separatw.

9. ln the manufacture of liquefied chlo rine gas, the method which consists in compressing the gas in a compressor of the closed crank-msc type and maintaining gas pressure to a degree not less than atmospheric pressure, in lthe crank-case during the operation of the compressor, whereby suction exerted .inthe crank-case` is relieved and the gas being compressed isy undiluted by mixture with air. y

10. In the manufacture of liquefied chlorine gas the method which consists in com- Ais undiluted by mixture with air.

11. In the manufacture lof liquefied chlorine gas, the method which consists in compressing the gasin a compressor of the closed-crank-case type and supplying to the crank-case of the compressor during the operation of the latter, chlorine gas compressed by the compressor and cooled in its passage' to the crank-case, whereby suction exerted in 'the crank-case .is relieved by chlorine gas and the gas being compressed is undiluted 'by mixture with air.

12. In the manufacture of liquid chlorine gas, the method which consists in compreing the gas in the presence of sulphuric acid supplied to the compression chamber, and thereafter utilizing the acid in the drying of the gas before compression.

13. In the manufacture of liquid chlorine gas, the method of compressing gas which consists in compressing it in a compressor having a closedcrank-case, maintaining sulphuric acid inthe crank-case while compressing the gas, and cooling the acid in the crank case.

14. The method of liquefying chlorine 'gasv which consists in compressing the gas, andcondensing it Iin the presence of sulphuric acid with which it is comniingled.

, 15., The gas which consists in compressing the gas, and condensing it in the presen-ce of sulphuric acid with which Iitlis mmingled andi separating the liquid chlorine from the aci 16. The m'ethod of liquefying chlorine gas which consists in compressing the gas, and condensing it in the presence of a substance which is ,in liquid condition atthe temperature at which chlorine as under the same pressure begins to condense, and with which substance the gas is oominingled.

17. ln the manufacture of liqueed chlorine gaat the method which consists in compressing the gas in the presence of sulphiric acid, cooling the gas containing the aci ph'uric acid and a portion ofthe compressed gas from the main body of compressed gas and employing theseparated sulphuric acid and the chlorine commingled therewith and in cool condition, in the cooling of other chlorine gas prior to the compressing of the latter.

method of liquefying chlorine 18. ln the manufacture of liquefied chlothe method which consists in comthe presence of sulphuric gasv containing the acid,

rine gas, pressing gas in acid, cooling the and thereafter separating the sulphuric acid and a portion of the compressed gas from the main body of the compressed gas and introducing the separated sulphuric acid and the chlorine commingled therewith into the main body ofthe chlorine gas prior to the compressing of the latter.

19.v In the manufacture of v liqueied chlorine gas, ythe method which comprises compressing chlorine gas, condensing the compressed gas, delivering the condensed gas to a container for the liquid gas, .releasing from said container in gaseous form a portion of the chlorine introduced therein, andl thereafter re-compressing such released chlorine gas.

20. In v the manufacture of liquefied chlorine gas, the method which comprises closed .crank-casey type drying the chlorine gas, compressingthe gas, condensing the compressed gas, delivering the condensed gas to a container for the liquefied gas, releasing from said container in gaseous form a portion of the chlorine introduced therein, thereafter expanding the released chlorine gas and re-compressing such released chlorine gas.

2l. In the manufacture of liquefied chlorine gas, the method which comprises compressing the gas, cooling it prior to compressing it by contacting it with expanding chlorine gas previously compressed, and rescompressing, in commingled condition, the expanded chlorine gas and the gas cooled thereby.

22. In the manufacture of liquefied chlorine gas, the method which comprises compressing vthe gas in acompressor of the closed crank-case type and supplying chlorine gas under pressure to the crankcase durin the operating of said compresser, W ereby suction exerted in the crank-case is relieved by chlorine gas and the gas being compressed is undiluted by mixture with air. f

'23. In the manufacture of liquefied chlorine gas, the method which comprises compressing the gas in a compressor of the closed crank-case type and supplying chlorine gas under pressure to the crankcase of the compressor during the operation `of the latter, and cooling the gas in its passage to the` compresser by subjecting it to the cooling action of the gas supplied to the crank-case, whereby suction exerted in the crank-case is relieved by chlorine gas- 'and the gas being compressedis undiluted by mixture with air.

2A. In the manufacture of .liquefied chlorinegas, the method which comprises compressing the gas in a compressor of the and supplying chlorine` gas underp're'ssure to the crankcase of the compressor duringfthe operation of the latter, and in its passage to the crankture at whic -separated sulphuric acid land the case permitting it -to expand, and. cooling the gas in its passage to the compressor byA 1n compressing the gas in the presence of sulphuric acid in sufiiciently inely divided condition to be carried along by the current of gas and condensing the gas while intermixed with the sulphuric acid.

26. In the manufacture of liquefied gas chemically inert to sulphuric acid, the method which consists in compressing the gas in the presence of sulphuric acid supplied to the compression chamber, and` thereafter utilizing the acid in the drying ofI the gas before compression.

27. In the manufacture of liquefied gas chemically inert to sulphuric acid, the

vmethod of compressing the gas which consists in vcompressing it` in a compressor having a closed crank-case, maintaining sulphuric acid 1n the crank-case while compressing the gas, and cooling the. acid in l the crank-case. v 28. The method of liquefying gas inert to sulphuric acid which consists in compressing the gas,l and condensing it in the presence of sulphuric acid with which it is commingled.

29. The method of liquefying gas which consists in compressing the gas, and condensing it in the presence of a substance which is in li uid condition at the temperathe as under the same pressure begins to con ense, and with which the substance is commingled. f

30. AIn the manufacture of Iiqueied as chemically inert to sulphuric acid, 51e method which consists in compressing the gas in the presence of sulphuric acid, cooli the gas containing the acid', and thereafter separating the sulphuric acid and a portion of the compressed gas from the main body of compressed gas and employing the as commingled therewith and in cool con '-tion, in the cooling of other gas prior to the compressing of the latter.

31. The method of liquefying a as chemically inert to sulphuric ac1d,.wh1ch consists lin compressing the gas and commingling the gas and asubstance which is'inert to the gas and which is vin liquid condition at the temperature at which the gas under the same pressure begins to condense, and condensing the gas while intermixed with said substance.

WILLIAM `M. JEWELL. 

